Vehicles do not commit crimes: Registered-Owner liability, the presumption of innocence, and the legality of TRAFFITECH-GH

The legitimacy of an enforcement system depends not only on the soundness of its objectives but on the lawfulness of its methods. TRAFFITECH-GH pursues a vital public purpose, yet in its present form it substitutes a register of title for proof of conduct and asks the citizen to prove his own innocence. Ghanaian criminal law knows no general doctrine of…