Industrial powers’ climate finance debt trap at COP31

This month’s COP31 climate summit in Antalya, Turkiye, is ostensibly being convened to finalize global climate finance and operationalize the Loss and Damage Fund. However, environmental restitution has decisively mutated into a theater of geopolitical conflict. The structural advantage is already evident: while Turkiye hosts the summit, which opens on Monday, the core climate negotiations are being directed by Australia…